The X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV-7) is set to perform a series of groundbreaking manoeuvres known as aerobraking. This technique, which utilises the drag of the Earth’s atmosphere to alter the spacecraft’s orbit, marks a first for the U.S. Space Force and the X-37B program.
Graphic: Boeing
Aerobraking is a sophisticated method used to slow down spacecraft by harnessing the frictional force of a planet’s atmosphere. Imagine an aeroplane deploying spoilers and flaps to reduce speed before landing – aerobraking operates on a similar principle. As the spacecraft dips into the upper layers of the atmosphere, gas molecules create resistance against the craft, effectively slowing it down. This technique allows spacecraft to change orbits or descend towards a planet’s surface while conserving fuel.
NASA has successfully implemented aerobraking in several missions. The Magellan mission to Venus stands as a pioneering example, demonstrating the viability of this fuel-saving technique. Subsequently, the Mars Global Surveyor mission showcased the effectiveness of aerobraking in achieving a complete orbital adjustment around Mars.
The X-37B, currently engaged in radiation effect experiments and Space Domain Awareness technology testing in a Highly Elliptical Orbit, will employ aerobraking to change its orbit and safely dispose of its service module components. This innovative approach aligns with space debris mitigation standards, underscoring the Space Force’s commitment to responsible space operations.
Upon completing the aerobraking manoeuvre, the X-37B will continue its mission objectives before eventually de-orbiting and returning to Earth, as it has successfully done in its previous six missions.
This novel implementation of aerobraking signifies a major leap forward for the U.S. Space Force, highlighting its dedication to pushing the boundaries of space exploration and national security missions. Secretary of the Air Force Frank Kendall emphasises the importance of this achievement as a demonstration of “groundbreaking innovation”. General Chance Saltzman, Chief of Space Operations, commends the team’s perseverance in accomplishing this “incredibly important milestone” and expanding the Space Force’s capabilities in the challenging space domain.
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