A memorandum of understanding (MOU) that seeks to minimize the risk of inflight incidents among coalition and Russian aircraft operating in Syrian air space is now in effect.
Mil.ru [CC BY 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons
Russian and U.S. officials signed the MOU on Oct. 20. Under the memorandum, aircrews will have specific safety protocols to follow. They will have specific communications frequencies to use and a communication line on the ground has been established.